中國工業報記者近日從中國船舶工業協會獲悉，2019年上半年，全球(qiu)經濟復蘇(su)勢頭放緩，國際航(hang)運(yun)市場小幅回(hui)升，受國際貿易摩(mo)擦和地緣政治影響，全球(qiu)新船需求(qiu)大幅下降。

　　我國造船完工(gong)量保持增長，承接新船訂單(dan)和手持船舶訂單(dan)同比(bi)下降。“融資(zi)難”“接單(dan)難”等問題沒有緩解，但(dan)我(wo)國船舶企業的產品結構持續優化(hua)，修船企業的效益(yi)明顯好(hao)轉(zhuan)。

       船舶產品結構持續優化

　　中國(guo)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶工業(ye)(ye)協會(hui)相(xiang)關負責人表示，上半年，我(wo)國(guo)骨干船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶企(qi)業(ye)(ye)緊緊圍繞高質(zhi)量發展的主線，不斷加大(da)(da)(da)(da)科技研發投入，努力(li)提高管理水平，船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶產(chan)品(pin)結構持(chi)續優化(hua)(hua)。三大(da)(da)(da)(da)主流(liu)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)型(xing)(xing)邁入“智能船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶1.0”新時代(dai)，全(quan)球首(shou)艘(sou)(sou)40萬(wan)噸(dun)智能超大(da)(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)礦砂船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)（VLOC）、30萬(wan)噸(dun)智能超大(da)(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)油船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)（VLCC）、13800TEU智能集裝(zhuang)箱(xiang)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)順(shun)利交(jiao)(jiao)付(fu)。高端船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)型(xing)(xing)研發建(jian)造(zao)(zao)取得新突破，8.5萬(wan)立方米乙烷乙烯（VLEC）運(yun)輸船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、4.9萬(wan)噸(dun)雙相(xiang)不銹鋼化(hua)(hua)學(xue)品(pin)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、6.4萬(wan)噸(dun)大(da)(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)木屑(xie)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)交(jiao)(jiao)付(fu)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)東，國(guo)產(chan)極地探險郵輪(lun)、亞馬爾項目17.4萬(wan)立方米液化(hua)(hua)天然氣(qi)（LNG）船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)完成(cheng)試(shi)航，7500車位LNG動力(li)汽車滾裝(zhuang)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、南極磷蝦(xia)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、非官方醫院(yuan)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、全(quan)球首(shou)制(zhi)通用型(xing)(xing)海(hai)(hai)上浮(fu)式生(sheng)產(chan)儲(chu)油船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)（FPSO）順(shun)利出(chu)塢(wu)。特(te)種(zhong)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶建(jian)造(zao)(zao)取得新成(cheng)效，首(shou)艘(sou)(sou)自主建(jian)造(zao)(zao)極地科考破冰(bing)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、新型(xing)(xing)深遠海(hai)(hai)綜合科學(xue)考察船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、海(hai)(hai)洋漁業(ye)(ye)綜合科學(xue)調查船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)交(jiao)(jiao)付(fu)使用。我(wo)國(guo)首(shou)艘(sou)(sou)萬(wan)噸(dun)級(ji)海(hai)(hai)事巡邏船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)浮(fu)式LNG存儲(chu)及再(zai)氣(qi)化(hua)(hua)裝(zhuang)置（LNG-FSRU）開工建(jian)造(zao)(zao)，國(guo)產(chan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)豪華(hua)郵輪(lun)建(jian)造(zao)(zao)項目積極推進。

       智能制造工程穩步推進

　　中國船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業協會相關負責人分析認為，上(shang)(shang)半年，骨干船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)企業克服了(le)(le)全(quan)球新船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)訂單大(da)幅萎縮(suo)、新船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)價(jia)格低迷(mi)、造(zao)(zao)(zao)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)成本持(chi)續上(shang)(shang)漲的(de)不(bu)利(li)影響，不(bu)斷加強生(sheng)產(chan)管理，努力(li)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)造(zao)(zao)(zao)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)效率(lv)(lv)(lv)，持(chi)續推(tui)進船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業智(zhi)能(neng)化發(fa)展，船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)建造(zao)(zao)(zao)質量(liang)、效率(lv)(lv)(lv)和效益不(bu)斷提(ti)(ti)升。江南造(zao)(zao)(zao)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan) (集團)有(you)限責任公司通過(guo)(guo)三維體驗平臺數(shu)字(zi)化建造(zao)(zao)(zao)交付了(le)(le)全(quan)球首艘無紙化建造(zao)(zao)(zao)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)，造(zao)(zao)(zao)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)效率(lv)(lv)(lv)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)30%，差錯率(lv)(lv)(lv)降低60%，船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)臺搭載周期(qi)縮(suo)短2個(ge)月。上(shang)(shang)海(hai)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝研(yan)究所(suo)研(yan)發(fa)制造(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)智(zhi)能(neng)制造(zao)(zao)(zao)流水線(xian)實現了(le)(le)國產(chan)化“零”的(de)突(tu)破，有(you)效提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)了(le)(le)產(chan)品質量(liang)，能(neng)源消耗降低30%，人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)比例降低40%，生(sheng)產(chan)效率(lv)(lv)(lv)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)50%。我(wo)國首條船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)智(zhi)能(neng)無人生(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)在(zai)武昌船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)重(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)集團有(you)限公司投入運行(xing)(xing)，產(chan)能(neng)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)15%。大(da)連中遠(yuan)海(hai)運川崎船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程有(you)限公司通過(guo)(guo)對(dui)生(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)進行(xing)(xing)自動化和智(zhi)能(neng)化改造(zao)(zao)(zao)，相應(ying)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序生(sheng)產(chan)效率(lv)(lv)(lv)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)40%～400%，產(chan)品建造(zao)(zao)(zao)周期(qi)縮(suo)短15%～20%，保(bao)障了(le)(le)企業效益持(chi)續穩定增長。

       戰略性重組有序開展

　　上半年，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)新(xin)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)市場(chang)需(xu)求大(da)幅縮減，主要造船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家新(xin)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)訂單同比大(da)幅下(xia)降。我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)主要造船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)集(ji)(ji)團面(mian)對國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內各種風險(xian)挑(tiao)戰和不確定(ding)因素(su)明顯(xian)增多的(de)不利局(ju)面(mian)，頂住壓力繼續(xu)發揮(hui)好中(zhong)央企(qi)業“穩(wen)定(ding)器”“壓艙石”作用(yong)(yong)，統計顯(xian)示，1～6月，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)工業集(ji)(ji)團有限公(gong)(gong)(gong)司、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)重(zhong)工集(ji)(ji)團有限公(gong)(gong)(gong)司、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)遠(yuan)洋海運集(ji)(ji)團有限公(gong)(gong)(gong)司、招商(shang)局(ju)集(ji)(ji)團有限公(gong)(gong)(gong)司四大(da)央企(qi)集(ji)(ji)團三大(da)造船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)指標合(he)計分(fen)別占全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)總量(liang)的(de)58.9%、56.4%和62.2%（完工、新(xin)接、手持）。當前，需(xu)求不足和產能(neng)過剩的(de)矛盾仍然存在，在市場(chang)倒逼機制和政(zheng)策引(yin)導的(de)共同作用(yong)(yong)下(xia)，央企(qi)集(ji)(ji)團戰略性整合(he)穩(wen)步推進。招商(shang)局(ju)工業集(ji)(ji)團有限公(gong)(gong)(gong)司托(tuo)管長(chang)航(hang)集(ji)(ji)團金陵船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)廠、江東(dong)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)廠，并(bing)購整合(he)中(zhong)航(hang)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)所(suo)屬中(zhong)航(hang)威海船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)廠。中(zhong)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)集(ji)(ji)團正(zheng)與中(zhong)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)重(zhong)工籌劃戰略性重(zhong)組。

       船企多措并舉去庫存

　　上(shang)(shang)半年，國際原油(you)價格震蕩上(shang)(shang)行(xing)，基本維持在60美元/桶以上(shang)(shang)，海(hai)洋工(gong)(gong)程裝備(bei)運營市場(chang)基本面有所(suo)改善(shan)，我(wo)國骨干海(hai)工(gong)(gong)裝備(bei)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)緊盯市場(chang)變(bian)化，通過創(chuang)新融(rong)(rong)資和(he)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，采(cai)取“出租(zu)、轉讓、出售(shou)、聯合營銷”多措并舉(ju)的形式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)推(tui)進閑置海(hai)洋工(gong)(gong)程裝備(bei)“去庫存”工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，化解在手(shou)訂(ding)單(dan)風險，取得(de)了(le)明顯(xian)成效。中船(chuan)集團交(jiao)(jiao)付1座(zuo)自(zi)升(sheng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鉆井平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)、轉賣1座(zuo)風電安(an)裝平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)；中船(chuan)重工(gong)(gong)通過融(rong)(rong)資租(zu)賃(lin)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)付2型(xing)3座(zuo)自(zi)升(sheng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)；招(zhao)商工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)轉售(shou)2座(zuo)自(zi)升(sheng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鉆井平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)、出租(zu)2座(zuo)自(zi)升(sheng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鉆井平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)；中遠海(hai)運重工(gong)(gong)有限(xian)公司(si)交(jiao)(jiao)付1艘(sou)(sou)(sou)半潛式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)活平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)、出租(zu)1艘(sou)(sou)(sou)鉆井平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)，轉賣5艘(sou)(sou)(sou)海(hai)洋工(gong)(gong)程輔助船(chuan)。

       修船企業效益明顯好轉

　　上(shang)半年，國際海事組織（IMO）“壓載(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)管理公(gong)約(yue)”和“硫(liu)(liu)排放(fang)限令(ling)”的規定，使船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶壓載(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)理系統(tong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置和船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶尾氣處(chu)(chu)理裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置改(gai)(gai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)需求(qiu)爆發式增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)，修(xiu)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)單船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)產值(zhi)同(tong)比大(da)(da)幅增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)，骨干修(xiu)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)企業(ye)(ye)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)塢利用(yong)(yong)率超(chao)過(guo)95%。骨干修(xiu)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)企業(ye)(ye)充(chong)分利用(yong)(yong)市場回升的契機，不斷提高(gao)高(gao)端(duan)改(gai)(gai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)和修(xiu)理能力(li)(li)，完成了國內(nei)首(shou)批次13萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)米大(da)(da)型LNG船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)修(xiu)理工程(cheng)、世界(jie)首(shou)例超(chao)大(da)(da)型集裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)箱(xiang)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)加長(chang)(chang)加高(gao)及脫硫(liu)(liu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)一體化改(gai)(gai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工程(cheng)、國內(nei)首(shou)個(ge)豪華郵輪全船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)翻修(xiu)總包工程(cheng)、全球首(shou)個(ge)萬(wan)箱(xiang)級以(yi)上(shang)集裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)箱(xiang)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)LNG動力(li)(li)系統(tong)改(gai)(gai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工程(cheng)。舟(zhou)山萬(wan)邦永躍船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶修(xiu)造有限公(gong)司(si)的超(chao)高(gao)壓水(shui)(shui)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)設備(bei)已全面取代傳統(tong)噴(pen)砂(sha)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)設備(bei)，應用(yong)(yong)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶累(lei)計(ji)超(chao)過(guo)300艘，引領中國修(xiu)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)業(ye)(ye)迎來綠色(se)修(xiu)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)新(xin)時代。統(tong)計(ji)顯示，1～5月，我(wo)國規模以(yi)上(shang)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶修(xiu)理企業(ye)(ye)實現主營業(ye)(ye)務收入71.2億(yi)元，同(tong)比增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)8.8%，實現利潤2.8億(yi)元，同(tong)比增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)550%。