在日前中國機床工具工業協會主辦的“智能制造發展研討會”上，中國機械工業聯合會特(te)別顧問蔡惟慈(ci)指出(chu)，我國機械工業面(mian)臨新常態下的(de)嚴峻挑(tiao)戰，主要表現(xian)為由(you)供不應求(qiu)轉(zhuan)向供過于求(qiu)，由(you)投資主體(ti)驅動轉(zhuan)向創新驅動，由(you)產(chan)能擴張轉(zhuan)向提質增效。 

　　今年1~9月，機(ji)械工(gong)業(ye)(ye)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速不(bu)但高(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)平(ping)均(jun)水平(ping)，而且也高(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)上年同期水平(ping)，效益增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)幅高(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)同期主(zhu)營收(shou)入，從而為實現(xian)全年平(ping)穩增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長打下了較好基礎(chu)。當前機(ji)械工(gong)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)要經濟(ji)指標保持增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長，發展態(tai)勢穩中(zhong)向好，主(zhu)要指標增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速超過預期，市場信心穩步提升。 

　　經濟運行指標穩中向好 

　　2017年(nian)1~8月(yue)機械工業(ye)經濟運行指標(biao)穩中向好。1~8月(yue)機械工業(ye)增(zeng)加值同(tong)比增(zeng)長11%，比1~7月(yue)(10.9%)加快0.1個百分點(dian)，高于(yu)上年(nian)同(tong)期機械工業(ye)增(zeng)速（8.7%）2.3個百分點(dian)；繼續分別高于(yu)全國(guo)工業(ye)（6.7%）及制造業(ye)（7.2%）4.3、3.8個百分點(dian)。 

　　在主要大類(lei)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)中，汽車制造業(ye)(ye)(ye)繼續引領全行業(ye)(ye)(ye)增(zeng)長，1~8月工業(ye)(ye)(ye)增(zeng)加值(zhi)同(tong)比增(zeng)長13.1%，高于(yu)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)平(ping)均水平(ping)2.1個(ge)百(bai)分點。 

　　電(dian)氣(qi)機(ji)械及器材制造業(ye)逐月(yue)(yue)小幅提升(sheng)。1~8月(yue)(yue)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比增長10.4%，比1~7月(yue)(yue)（10%）加快0.4個(ge)百分(fen)點，比上年(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)增速(su)（8.8%）提高1.6個(ge)百分(fen)點。通(tong)用設備(bei)制造業(ye)、專(zhuan)用設備(bei)制造業(ye)上年(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)基數較低，2017年(nian)1~8月(yue)(yue)回升(sheng)明顯，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比分(fen)別增長11.1%、12.1%，比上年(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)增速(su)（4.6%、5.4%）分(fen)別加快6.6、6.7個(ge)百分(fen)點。 

　　1~8月在機(ji)械(xie)(xie)工業重點監測的119種主(zhu)要產(chan)品產(chan)量中，同比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)的產(chan)品91種，占比(bi)(bi)76.47%；同比(bi)(bi)下(xia)降的產(chan)品28種，占比(bi)(bi)23.53%。特(te)別是挖掘(jue)鏟土運輸(shu)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)、壓實機(ji)械(xie)(xie)、工業自動化控制(zhi)系統、環境監測專用儀器儀表、光學儀器、照相機(ji)、印刷專用設備(bei)、機(ji)床(chuang)數(shu)控裝置、金(jin)切工具(ju)、大型電力(li)變壓器低壓開關板、工業鍋爐、滾動軸承(cheng)、粉末(mo)冶金(jin)零件、彈簧、金(jin)屬集裝箱均(jun)從(cong)上(shang)年同比(bi)(bi)下(xia)降轉為兩位數(shu)同比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)。 

　　前8月機(ji)械(xie)(xie)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)效益狀況繼續改善，汽(qi)車(che)及(ji)電(dian)工(gong)(gong)電(dian)器行業(ye)(ye)仍是主要(yao)的支(zhi)撐力量。非汽(qi)車(che)行業(ye)(ye)新增(zeng)利(li)潤(run)817.81億(yi)元，占機(ji)械(xie)(xie)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)新增(zeng)利(li)潤(run)的65.64%，拉(la)動機(ji)械(xie)(xie)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)利(li)潤(run)增(zeng)長(chang)9.64個(ge)百(bai)分(fen)(fen)點。其中非汽(qi)車(che)行業(ye)(ye)中，工(gong)(gong)程機(ji)械(xie)(xie)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)、儀器儀表、石化通(tong)用行業(ye)(ye)對機(ji)械(xie)(xie)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)利(li)潤(run)增(zeng)長(chang)的拉(la)動分(fen)(fen)別都超過一個(ge)百(bai)分(fen)(fen)點，明顯好于上(shang)年(nian)。 

　　工業價格指數緩慢回升 

　　2017年8月份，全國工業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產者(zhe)出(chu)廠價(jia)格(ge)同(tong)(tong)比上漲(zhang)6.3%，全國生(sheng)產資料(liao)價(jia)格(ge)同(tong)(tong)比上漲(zhang)8.3%，機械工業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產者(zhe)出(chu)廠價(jia)格(ge)指數僅(jin)上漲(zhang)0.7%，仍低(di)于工業(ye)(ye)、原(yuan)材料(liao)生(sheng)產者(zhe)出(chu)廠價(jia)格(ge)指數。 

　　8月，通(tong)用設(she)備制造業(ye)工業(ye)生(sheng)產者出廠價格(ge)指(zhi)數同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)漲(zhang)0.8%，專用設(she)備制造業(ye)同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)漲(zhang)0.7%，電器(qi)機械及器(qi)材機械制造業(ye)同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)漲(zhang)2.4%，汽車制造業(ye)同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)降(jiang)0.1%，儀器(qi)儀表制造業(ye)同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)降(jiang)0.2%。 

　　外貿(mao)進(jin)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)低迷狀態改善，增(zeng)(zeng)速(su)實現(xian)持續增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)。外貿(mao)進(jin)口(kou)(kou)、出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)均(jun)擺脫了(le)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)同(tong)比(bi)(bi)下(xia)降的頹勢，1~7月機械工(gong)業進(jin)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)總額3954.39億(yi)美(mei)(mei)元(yuan)，同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)8.91%（上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)同(tong)期-6.95%），比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)同(tong)期增(zeng)(zeng)速(su)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)15.86個(ge)百(bai)分點；其中進(jin)口(kou)(kou)1678.16億(yi)美(mei)(mei)元(yuan)，同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)11.78%（上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)同(tong)期-8.06%），提(ti)(ti)高(gao)19.84個(ge)百(bai)分點；出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)2276.23億(yi)美(mei)(mei)元(yuan)，同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)6.88%（上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)同(tong)期-6.16%），提(ti)(ti)高(gao)13.04個(ge)百(bai)分點；外貿(mao)進(jin)口(kou)(kou)、出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)增(zeng)(zeng)速(su)均(jun)從(cong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)各月同(tong)比(bi)(bi)下(xia)降轉為(wei)實現(xian)同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)，進(jin)口(kou)(kou)增(zeng)(zeng)速(su)快于出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)增(zeng)(zeng)速(su)5.09個(ge)百(bai)分點。機械行業實現(xian)貿(mao)易順差598.07億(yi)美(mei)(mei)元(yuan)。 

　　1~7月機(ji)械工(gong)業外貿(mao)(mao)進(jin)(jin)出(chu)口(kou)增(zeng)速均(jun)低于(yu)(yu)全(quan)國外貿(mao)(mao)增(zeng)速3.39個百(bai)分點(dian)。其中(zhong)出(chu)口(kou)低于(yu)(yu)全(quan)國外貿(mao)(mao)1.42個百(bai)分點(dian)，進(jin)(jin)口(kou)低于(yu)(yu)全(quan)國外貿(mao)(mao)5.92個百(bai)分點(dian)。 

　　東部(bu)地區(qu)是(shi)機械(xie)工(gong)業外貿增長的(de)重(zhong)要支撐(cheng)。前(qian)7月機械(xie)工(gong)業東部(bu)地區(qu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)2036.47億美元，同比增長6.33%，占(zhan)機械(xie)工(gong)業出(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)的(de)89.47%，對(dui)機械(xie)工(gong)業出(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)穩(wen)定增長起到重(zhong)要支撐(cheng)。 

　　從(cong)增(zeng)速看，中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)區進出口增(zeng)速均快(kuai)(kuai)于(yu)東部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)西部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)區，1~7月中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)區進口同比增(zeng)長(chang)25.51%，分別快(kuai)(kuai)于(yu)東、西部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)區15.15、13.31個(ge)(ge)百(bai)分點，中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)區出口增(zeng)速15.72%，分別快(kuai)(kuai)于(yu)東、西部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)區9.39、9.7個(ge)(ge)百(bai)分點。 

　　固定資產投資維持低位 

　　1~8月(yue)機(ji)械工業累計實現(xian)固定資(zi)產投(tou)資(zi)32766.5億元，同比增長3.2%，比上年(nian)同期（2.49%）提高0.71個百(bai)分點，低(di)于全社會(hui)同期固定資(zi)產投(tou)資(zi)增速（7.8%）4.6個百(bai)分點，低(di)于制造業（4.5%）1.3個百(bai)分點，增速始終維持低(di)位運行。 

　　1~8月機械(xie)工(gong)(gong)業與全(quan)國、制造(zao)業投資(zi)增(zeng)速比(bi)較8月當月機械(xie)工(gong)(gong)業固定資(zi)產投資(zi)4197.99億元，同(tong)比(bi)下降2.27%，比(bi)1~7月（-1.03%）降幅擴大1.24個百(bai)分點(dian)。 

　　資(zi)金到(dao)位(wei)(wei)降(jiang)幅繼(ji)續收(shou)(shou)窄(zhai)(zhai)。1~8月(yue)機械工業(ye)實際到(dao)位(wei)(wei)資(zi)金30940.28億元(yuan)，同比(bi)下(xia)降(jiang)2.11%，降(jiang)幅比(bi)1~7月(yue)收(shou)(shou)窄(zhai)(zhai)1.78個(ge)百分(fen)點(dian)(dian)，占大頭的企(qi)業(ye)自籌資(zi)金同比(bi)下(xia)降(jiang)3.35%，降(jiang)幅收(shou)(shou)窄(zhai)(zhai)1.35個(ge)百分(fen)點(dian)(dian)，比(bi)二季度降(jiang)幅收(shou)(shou)窄(zhai)(zhai)1.44個(ge)百分(fen)點(dian)(dian)。 

　　市場需求結構升級加快 

　　在供(gong)給側結(jie)構改革(ge)的(de)引領下(xia)，市(shi)(shi)場(chang)需求(qiu)結(jie)構升級加(jia)快，消費(fei)類、投資類相關產(chan)(chan)品均(jun)實(shi)現增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。數(shu)據顯示，與(yu)消費(fei)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)關系密切(qie)的(de)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)產(chan)(chan)品面擴大，1~8月汽車(che)(che)(che)(che)產(chan)(chan)銷分別完成1767.83萬(wan)輛和(he)1751.11萬(wan)輛，比(bi)(bi)(bi)上年同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期分別增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)4.67%和(he)4.25%。1~8月受汽車(che)(che)(che)(che)帶動的(de)汽車(che)(che)(che)(che)用發動機(ji)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)23.34%、汽車(che)(che)(che)(che)儀表(biao)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)10.78%，液壓(ya)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)5.34%、氣動同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)1.72%、密封件同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)5.34%、模具同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)6.1%，停車(che)(che)(che)(che)設(she)備(bei)(bei)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)需求(qiu)旺盛；與(yu)旅游(you)相關的(de)照(zhao)(zhao)相機(ji)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)17.21%，其中數(shu)碼照(zhao)(zhao)相機(ji)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)28.79%；與(yu)消費(fei)及消費(fei)產(chan)(chan)品加(jia)工相關的(de)塑料加(jia)工專用設(she)備(bei)(bei)累計同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)16.33%，包裝(zhuang)專用設(she)備(bei)(bei)累計同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)4.37%，棉花加(jia)工機(ji)械同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)5.54%，農產(chan)(chan)品加(jia)工機(ji)械同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)9.82%，飼料生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)專用設(she)備(bei)(bei)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)7.66%；與(yu)民生(sheng)消費(fei)相關的(de)各類低壓(ya)電器(qi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)18.19%，通信及電子(zi)網絡用電纜同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)7.08%，光纜同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)9.36%，電動手提工具同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)12.79%，摩托車(che)(che)(che)(che)整(zheng)車(che)(che)(che)(che)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)9.05%。 

　　與環(huan)(huan)境保護相關的(de)產(chan)品銷(xiao)售快速增(zeng)(zeng)長。8月當月新能源汽車產(chan)銷(xiao)分別(bie)完成(cheng)7.2萬輛和(he)6.8萬輛，同(tong)比分別(bie)增(zeng)(zeng)長67.3%和(he)76.3%。1~8月環(huan)(huan)境監(jian)測專用(yong)儀器儀表同(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)長21.64%，環(huan)(huan)境污(wu)(wu)染(ran)防(fang)(fang)治設(she)備同(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)長8.32%，其中水(shui)質(zhi)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)防(fang)(fang)治設(she)備同(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)長19.99%；固體廢(fei)棄物處理設(she)備累計同(tong)比分別(bie)增(zeng)(zeng)長21.43%。 

　　與智能(neng)(neng)制(zhi)造(zao)及國家產(chan)業升(sheng)級相關的產(chan)品(pin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)勢頭持續向好(hao)。今(jin)年(nian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)表行業產(chan)品(pin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)勢頭較(jiao)好(hao)，特別(bie)是(shi)與環(huan)境監測(ce)、食品(pin)安全、智能(neng)(neng)制(zhi)造(zao)和第三方(fang)檢測(ce)系(xi)統集(ji)成項目的領域的產(chan)品(pin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)較(jiao)快，具體(ti)產(chan)品(pin)如：工(gong)業自動化(hua)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)表與控制(zhi)系(xi)統同比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)18.42%，比(bi)(bi)上年(nian)同期(qi)加(jia)快25.89個百分點，試驗機同比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)75.63%，分析儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)及裝(zhuang)置同比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)9.38%，光學儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)同比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)6.33%。機床(chuang)產(chan)品(pin)中(zhong)的金切機床(chuang)同比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)7.86%，其(qi)中(zhong)數(shu)控機床(chuang)同比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.75%，機床(chuang)數(shu)控裝(zhuang)置同比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)33.92%，從上年(nian)同比(bi)(bi)下降(jiang)轉為同比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)；高檔(dang)數(shu)控軸承(cheng)需求較(jiao)大(da)。 

　　國(guo)家基礎(chu)設施建(jian)設拉動工程機(ji)(ji)械產品增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)明(ming)顯。機(ji)(ji)場、鐵路(lu)、公路(lu)、礦山、農(nong)村水(shui)利基礎(chu)設施建(jian)設等(deng)(deng)，資金到位(wei)逐(zhu)漸好轉，對工程機(ji)(ji)械設備的拉動明(ming)顯。1~8月(yue)工程機(ji)(ji)械行(xing)業(ye)10種主要產品全(quan)部(bu)正增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)：挖掘機(ji)(ji)同比增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)68.28%、裝載機(ji)(ji)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)28.71%，混(hun)凝(ning)土機(ji)(ji)械增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)4.93%、壓實機(ji)(ji)械同比增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)18.16%等(deng)(deng)。 

　　國家重點建(jian)設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)拉動相(xiang)關產品(pin)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)。在國家重點輸電(dian)(dian)通(tong)道(dao)建(jian)設(she)項目和配電(dian)(dian)網建(jian)設(she)改造(zao)以(yi)及新一(yi)輪(lun)農村電(dian)(dian)網改造(zao)升(sheng)級工(gong)程(cheng)拉動下，輸變電(dian)(dian)相(xiang)關產品(pin)保(bao)持增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)，其中，輸變電(dian)(dian)相(xiang)關的變壓(ya)器同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)2.99%，其中大型電(dian)(dian)力變壓(ya)器同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)12.05%，互感器同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)2.34%，電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)容器增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)15.53%，高(gao)壓(ya)開(kai)關板(ban)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)6.64%，高(gao)壓(ya)開(kai)關設(she)備（11萬伏(fu)以(yi)上(shang)）同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)9.11%，電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)4.87%，絕緣(yuan)制品(pin)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)16.14%。 

　　主要困難及問題 

　　從數(shu)據(ju)可以看出(chu)，機(ji)(ji)械工業(ye)市場需求有所恢復，但(dan)產能利用率(lv)分(fen)化明顯。1~7月機(ji)(ji)械工業(ye)重點(dian)聯(lian)系企(qi)業(ye)累計訂(ding)貨同比增長13.66%，比前(qian)6月回(hui)落0.54個百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)，比上年同期（4.81%）提高9.39個百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)，但(dan)由(you)于傳(chuan)統能源、原材料行業(ye)仍處于去產能狀態，相關的石油天然氣裝備(bei)、冶煉設(she)備(bei)、發(fa)電設(she)備(bei)、重型(xing)礦山機(ji)(ji)械等(deng)行業(ye)新(xin)建(jian)投資訂(ding)貨明顯不足，但(dan)改建(jian)、改造項目逐漸增加(jia)。不同行業(ye)、不同企(qi)業(ye)情況差異較大。部(bu)分(fen)產品研發(fa)、轉型(xing)升級超前(qian)的企(qi)業(ye)經(jing)營狀況較好，反之則生存艱難。 

　　據對(dui)(dui)機械工業70多家重點企業的問卷調查(cha)(cha)，51%的被(bei)調查(cha)(cha)企業產能利用率(lv)不足80%，其中有(you)近(jin)(jin)20%的企業產能利用率(lv)不足60%。但(dan)近(jin)(jin)期對(dui)(dui)工業機器(qi)人主要(yao)自(zi)主品牌制造企業的問卷調查(cha)(cha)結果顯示，近(jin)(jin)90%的企業上半年(nian)新增訂單實現(xian)同(tong)比增長，其中70%的企業訂單增幅超過20%。 

　　市場(chang)競爭(zheng)激(ji)烈，產(chan)品(pin)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格提(ti)(ti)升艱難(nan)，過渡(du)競爭(zheng)影(ying)響了(le)正常的(de)市場(chang)秩序，低(di)價(jia)(jia)(jia)競爭(zheng)頻現，一(yi)些好的(de)企業、好的(de)產(chan)品(pin)也被迫降價(jia)(jia)(jia)。有的(de)企業反映，產(chan)品(pin)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格雖有小幅提(ti)(ti)高，但仍(reng)處在低(di)位，近期原材料(liao)、配套件價(jia)(jia)(jia)格上(shang)升幅度更大，利潤空間(jian)基(ji)本被擠(ji)掉，機械(xie)產(chan)品(pin)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格上(shang)漲難(nan)度較大。長(chang)時期低(di)價(jia)(jia)(jia)競爭(zheng)的(de)市場(chang)環境嚴重影(ying)響了(le)企業產(chan)品(pin)創新的(de)積極性。 

　　成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)壓(ya)力(li)仍然較(jiao)大。近(jin)期中(zhong)國(guo)機械(xie)工(gong)業(ye)聯合會(hui)對部分重點企(qi)(qi)業(ye)就稅負(fu)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)、行政(zheng)性(xing)收費、融(rong)資(zi)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)、能(neng)源成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)和人工(gong)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)問(wen)題開展問(wen)卷調(diao)查。結果顯示，政(zheng)府減稅降(jiang)費已初見成(cheng)效，近(jin)30%的(de)(de)被調(diao)查企(qi)(qi)業(ye)感受到了行政(zheng)性(xing)收費下(xia)降(jiang)；但人工(gong)貴、融(rong)資(zi)貴、用(yong)能(neng)貴依然是企(qi)(qi)業(ye)生產經營過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)普遍存在的(de)(de)問(wen)題；被調(diao)查企(qi)(qi)業(ye)中(zhong)，76%的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)反(fan)(fan)(fan)映(ying)人工(gong)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)上升(sheng)、60%的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)反(fan)(fan)(fan)映(ying)融(rong)資(zi)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)上升(sheng)、44%的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)反(fan)(fan)(fan)映(ying)用(yong)能(neng)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)上升(sheng)。此(ci)外(wai)物流(liu)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)上漲、原材料價格快速增長也(ye)是機械(xie)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)近(jin)期成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)上升(sheng)的(de)(de)因素。近(jin)期企(qi)(qi)業(ye)反(fan)(fan)(fan)映(ying)汽車行業(ye)由于整車企(qi)(qi)業(ye)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)壓(ya)力(li)加大，對下(xia)游配套企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)傳導壓(ya)力(li)加大。