近日，國務院金融穩定發展委員會召開第十四次會議，專門研究緩解中小企業融資難、融資貴問題。在此之前，為緩解中小微企業融資(zi)困境，監管部門已連續出臺多(duo)項(xiang)政策。在一(yi)系(xi)列措(cuo)施的(de)(de)推動(dong)下，中小微企業金融服務的(de)(de)便利性和獲得(de)感不斷提升。

數據顯示(shi)，2019年末普惠型小微(wei)企業貸(dai)款余(yu)額11.6萬(wan)億(yi)元，同比增(zeng)長25%，有(you)貸(dai)款余(yu)額戶(hu)數2100多萬(wan)戶(hu)，較(jiao)年初增(zeng)加380萬(wan)戶(hu)，新發放普惠型小微(wei)企業貸(dai)款平均利率較(jiao)2018年平均水(shui)平下降0.64個(ge)百分點。

雖然(ran)當前中小(xiao)微企業融(rong)(rong)資難(nan)、融(rong)(rong)資貴情況有所改善，但(dan)部分中小(xiao)微企業由于缺乏抵質押物、信(xin)(xin)用記錄少、信(xin)(xin)息(xi)不對稱等原因，仍面臨不同程度的(de)融(rong)(rong)資難(nan)題(ti)。解決(jue)這一難(nan)題(ti)，后續仍需(xu)監管部門、金融(rong)(rong)機構(gou)、第三方(fang)平臺等多(duo)方(fang)發力，共同優(you)化中小(xiao)微企業的(de)融(rong)(rong)資環境，緩解其融(rong)(rong)資難(nan)題(ti)。

首先，監管部門要發揮監管引領作用，進一(yi)(yi)步深化“敢(gan)貸(dai)(dai)、能(neng)貸(dai)(dai)、愿貸(dai)(dai)”的長(chang)效機(ji)制。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)繼(ji)續通過普惠金融(rong)領域定向降(jiang)準(zhun)、下調中期(qi)借貸(dai)(dai)便利操(cao)作利率等貨(huo)幣(bi)政策工具降(jiang)低銀行資(zi)金成本(ben)，同(tong)時配合深化LPR改革(ge)等舉措，進一(yi)(yi)步疏通貨(huo)幣(bi)政策傳(chuan)導(dao)渠(qu)(qu)道，引導(dao)金融(rong)機(ji)構降(jiang)低中小(xiao)微(wei)(wei)(wei)企業(ye)的融(rong)資(zi)成本(ben)。二是(shi)在(zai)2019年擴充永續債發行銀行范圍(wei)的基礎(chu)上，進一(yi)(yi)步拓寬中小(xiao)銀行資(zi)本(ben)補充渠(qu)(qu)道，緩解中小(xiao)銀行資(zi)本(ben)壓力(li)，進而增強其服(fu)務(wu)實體經(jing)濟(ji)尤其是(shi)中小(xiao)微(wei)(wei)(wei)企業(ye)的信貸(dai)(dai)投放能(neng)力(li)。三是(shi)進一(yi)(yi)步完善針對金融(rong)機(ji)構服(fu)務(wu)中小(xiao)微(wei)(wei)(wei)企業(ye)的考核(he)評價機(ji)制，如(ru)通過細化完善盡職(zhi)免責條款、提高中小(xiao)微(wei)(wei)(wei)企業(ye)不良容(rong)忍度等措施，為金融(rong)機(ji)構營(ying)造“敢(gan)貸(dai)(dai)、能(neng)貸(dai)(dai)、愿貸(dai)(dai)”的良好氛(fen)圍(wei)，提升金融(rong)機(ji)構服(fu)務(wu)中小(xiao)微(wei)(wei)(wei)企業(ye)的內在(zai)積(ji)極性。

其(qi)次，金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機構要(yao)履行(xing)主(zhu)體責任，提升(sheng)機構自(zi)身(shen)的適應(ying)性(xing)(xing)、競爭(zheng)(zheng)力和(he)普惠(hui)性(xing)(xing)。一(yi)是緊(jin)跟中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)微(wei)(wei)企(qi)業(ye)需求，增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)適應(ying)性(xing)(xing)。金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機構可(ke)依托“百(bai)行(xing)進萬企(qi)”融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資對(dui)接工作，通過(guo)實地調研走訪，進一(yi)步了解中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)微(wei)(wei)企(qi)業(ye)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資需求，圍繞中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)微(wei)(wei)企(qi)業(ye)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資難(nan)點和(he)痛點創(chuang)新金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)產(chan)品，增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)服(fu)務(wu)的適應(ying)性(xing)(xing)。二是轉變(bian)發展(zhan)模式，增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)競爭(zheng)(zheng)力。商業(ye)銀行(xing)一(yi)方面要(yao)依托中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)微(wei)(wei)企(qi)業(ye)需求及自(zi)身(shen)稟賦，積極向(xiang)特(te)色化、輕型化和(he)智能化轉型，另一(yi)方面也要(yao)加大(da)對(dui)科技等(deng)手段的運用(yong)，利用(yong)大(da)數(shu)(shu)據等(deng)技術尋找自(zi)身(shen)數(shu)(shu)據資源(yuan)與外部數(shu)(shu)據資源(yuan)的融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)合，設計(ji)有競爭(zheng)(zheng)力的產(chan)品體系。三(san)是強(qiang)(qiang)化對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)微(wei)(wei)企(qi)業(ye)的支持(chi)(chi)力度，增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)普惠(hui)性(xing)(xing)。大(da)型商業(ye)銀行(xing)應(ying)繼續(xu)發揮“頭雁”作用(yong)，進一(yi)步下沉(chen)服(fu)務(wu)重心；中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機構要(yao)聚(ju)焦主(zhu)責主(zhu)業(ye)，持(chi)(chi)續(xu)加大(da)對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)微(wei)(wei)企(qi)業(ye)的支持(chi)(chi)力度。

再次，第(di)三方機(ji)構(gou)(gou)要(yao)(yao)做好平(ping)臺(tai)助力，切實(shi)緩解中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)微(wei)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)面臨(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)痛點和(he)難(nan)點。當前(qian)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)微(wei)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面臨(lin)抵質押物不(bu)足、有效信(xin)息缺失等(deng)問題，這就(jiu)需要(yao)(yao)融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)、涉企(qi)信(xin)息平(ping)臺(tai)等(deng)第(di)三方機(ji)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)助力。一(yi)是(shi)(shi)應繼續(xu)完善(shan)政府(fu)性(xing)融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，政府(fu)性(xing)融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)要(yao)(yao)回歸(gui)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)主業(ye)(ye)(ye)，逐步增(zeng)加中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)微(wei)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務規模，同(tong)時，進一(yi)步降低(di)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)費率，切實(shi)降低(di)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)微(wei)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)成本。二是(shi)(shi)積(ji)極搭建涉企(qi)信(xin)息共享平(ping)臺(tai)，由于銀企(qi)信(xin)息不(bu)對稱等(deng)因(yin)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)制約，金融機(ji)構(gou)(gou)很難(nan)通過(guo)自身所(suo)掌握(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數據資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)識(shi)別中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)微(wei)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風險狀況，無法做出合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)風險定(ding)價(jia)。因(yin)此，在(zai)前(qian)期(qi)“銀稅互動”的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上，應進一(yi)步拓展數據來(lai)源(yuan)渠道，搭建更大范圍(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息共享平(ping)臺(tai)，切實(shi)緩解中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)微(wei)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)面臨(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)痛點和(he)難(nan)點。

最后，應進一步深化資(zi)(zi)本市場(chang)改革，建立多元化融資(zi)(zi)市場(chang)，豐富融資(zi)(zi)渠(qu)道，進一步提升中(zhong)小微企業的融資(zi)(zi)便利度和可獲得性(xing)。