近日,國家能源局綜合司公布的《2019年光伏發電項目國家補貼競價結果的通知》提出,擬納入國家競價補貼范圍的項目共3921個覆蓋22個省份,總裝機容量2278.8642萬千瓦;測算年度補貼需求約17億元。
對此,業內(nei)人士認為,此次光伏發電項目國(guo)家補(bu)貼競價(jia)結果的公布(bu)是對光伏競價(jia)政策的落實。同(tong)時,也將開啟更多的市場(chang)需求。
競(jing)價項目申報超出(chu)預(yu)期
實行(xing)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)補(bu)貼競(jing)價是光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)建設管理(li)政策的(de)(de)一次重大改革和創新(xin)。2019年5月(yue),國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)源(yuan)局發(fa)(fa)(fa)布《關(guan)于2019年風電(dian)(dian)、光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)建設有(you)關(guan)事項(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)通知》,啟(qi)動了2019年光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)國(guo)家(jia)補(bu)貼競(jing)價項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)申報工(gong)作。7月(yue)11日,國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)源(yuan)局正式(shi)公(gong)布了2019年光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)國(guo)家(jia)補(bu)貼競(jing)價結(jie)果。
《結果》顯(xian)示,截(jie)至(zhi)7月1日,全國共有(you)北京、天津等22個(ge)(ge)省(區、市(shi))的3921個(ge)(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)目納入2019年國家競(jing)價補(bu)貼范圍(wei),總裝機容量2278.8642萬千(qian)瓦(wa),其(qi)中普通光伏電(dian)站366個(ge)(ge)、裝機容量1812.3316萬千(qian)瓦(wa),工商業分(fen)布式光伏發電(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目3555個(ge)(ge)、裝機容量466.5326萬千(qian)瓦(wa)。
從項目(mu)(mu)類型看,普(pu)通光伏(fu)電站387個(ge)(ge),裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量1929.839萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa),占(zhan)申(shen)報(bao)(bao)(bao)總(zong)(zong)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量比(bi)例為(wei)78.6%,主要(yao)分布(bu)在中(zhong)西(xi)部地區,項目(mu)(mu)數量位列(lie)前三位的(de)分別為(wei)貴(gui)州省(sheng)55個(ge)(ge)、山西(xi)省(sheng)49個(ge)(ge)、陜西(xi)省(sheng)35個(ge)(ge)。分布(bu)式光伏(fu)項目(mu)(mu)3951個(ge)(ge),裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量526.0589萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa),占(zhan)申(shen)報(bao)(bao)(bao)總(zong)(zong)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量比(bi)例為(wei)21.4%(其中(zhong),全(quan)額上網分布(bu)式項目(mu)(mu)490個(ge)(ge),裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量63.7689萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa),占(zhan)申(shen)報(bao)(bao)(bao)總(zong)(zong)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量比(bi)例為(wei)2.6%;自(zi)發自(zi)用、余(yu)電上網分布(bu)式項目(mu)(mu)3461個(ge)(ge),裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量462.29萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa),占(zhan)申(shen)報(bao)(bao)(bao)總(zong)(zong)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量比(bi)例為(wei)18.8%),主要(yao)分布(bu)在東南(nan)部沿海地區,項目(mu)(mu)數量位列(lie)前三位的(de)分別為(wei)浙江省(sheng)1446個(ge)(ge)、江蘇省(sheng)612個(ge)(ge)、上海市216個(ge)(ge)。
從分省(sheng)(sheng)看,申報項(xiang)目裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量最多的省(sheng)(sheng)份(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)貴州,共360萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)。裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量超過(guo)300萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)的省(sheng)(sheng)份(fen)(fen)(fen)有(you)2個(ge)(ge),為(wei)貴州、山西;裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量在200萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)到(dao)300萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)的省(sheng)(sheng)份(fen)(fen)(fen)有(you)1個(ge)(ge),為(wei)浙江;裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量在100萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)到(dao)200萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)的省(sheng)(sheng)份(fen)(fen)(fen)有(you)7個(ge)(ge),為(wei)河(he)北(bei)、江蘇、江西、湖北(bei)、廣東、陜西、寧夏(xia);裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量在100萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)以下(xia)的省(sheng)(sheng)份(fen)(fen)(fen)有(you)13個(ge)(ge)。
國家(jia)能源局相關負(fu)責人(ren)表示(shi),前期工作準備(bei)情(qing)(qing)況、信息填報質量情(qing)(qing)況,協(xie)調電(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業(ye)、國土部門落實消納(na)、土地等(deng)(deng)相關支持性(xing)文件情(qing)(qing)況等(deng)(deng)皆(jie)為影響申報項(xiang)目組織和競價項(xiang)目入選的重要因素。
“作(zuo)為(wei)光伏發電(dian)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)最具(ju)市場化導向的舉措,此(ci)(ci)次(ci)競(jing)價結(jie)果公布表明光伏競(jing)價上網取得了階段(duan)性成果。”中國光伏行(xing)(xing)業(ye)協會相(xiang)關負責人表示,從(cong)綜(zong)合(he)來(lai)看,各省(市、區)在此(ci)(ci)次(ci)競(jing)價工作(zuo)中表現都很積極,貴(gui)州(zhou)表現尤為(wei)突出,申報項(xiang)目裝機容(rong)量最多,超出預期(qi)。
競價降補貼效果明顯
業內人士表示,此次光伏發(fa)電項(xiang)目國(guo)家(jia)補(bu)貼(tie)競(jing)價結果的公(gong)布(bu),將發(fa)揮(hui)市場(chang)在資源配置(zhi)中(zhong)的決(jue)定性作用(yong),加速降(jiang)低度(du)電補(bu)貼(tie)強度(du)。
從電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)降(jiang)(jiang)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)看,I類資源區(qu),普通(tong)光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站平均(jun)(jun)(jun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)降(jiang)(jiang)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.0719元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi),最(zui)(zui)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)降(jiang)(jiang)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.1205元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi);全(quan)額上網分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)項目(mu)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)降(jiang)(jiang)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.0581元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi),最(zui)(zui)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)降(jiang)(jiang)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.1111元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)。II類資源區(qu),普通(tong)光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站平均(jun)(jun)(jun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)降(jiang)(jiang)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.0763元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi),最(zui)(zui)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)降(jiang)(jiang)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.1202元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi);全(quan)額上網分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)項目(mu)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)降(jiang)(jiang)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.0473元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi),最(zui)(zui)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)降(jiang)(jiang)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.0668元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)。III類資源區(qu),普通(tong)光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站平均(jun)(jun)(jun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)降(jiang)(jiang)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.0911元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi),最(zui)(zui)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)降(jiang)(jiang)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.1930元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi);全(quan)額上網分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)項目(mu)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)降(jiang)(jiang)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.0683元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi),最(zui)(zui)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)降(jiang)(jiang)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.1390元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)。自(zi)發自(zi)用(yong)、余電(dian)(dian)(dian)上網分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)項目(mu)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)降(jiang)(jiang)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.0596元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi),最(zui)(zui)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)降(jiang)(jiang)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.0999元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)。
從補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)看(kan),I類(lei)資源(yuan)區,普通光(guang)伏電站平均(jun)(jun)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)0.0663元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi),最(zui)(zui)低(di)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)0.0050元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi);全額(e)上(shang)網(wang)分布式項(xiang)目(mu)平均(jun)(jun)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)0.0624元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi),最(zui)(zui)低(di)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)0.0060元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)。II類(lei)資源(yuan)區,普通光(guang)伏電站平均(jun)(jun)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)0.0381元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi),最(zui)(zui)低(di)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)0.0020元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi);全額(e)上(shang)網(wang)分布式項(xiang)目(mu)平均(jun)(jun)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)0.0558元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi),最(zui)(zui)低(di)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)0.0188元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)。III類(lei)資源(yuan)區,普通光(guang)伏電站平均(jun)(jun)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)0.0749元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi),最(zui)(zui)低(di)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)0.0001元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi);全額(e)上(shang)網(wang)分布式項(xiang)目(mu)平均(jun)(jun)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)0.0846元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi),最(zui)(zui)低(di)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)0.0047元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)。自(zi)發自(zi)用、余電上(shang)網(wang)分布式項(xiang)目(mu)平均(jun)(jun)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)0.0404元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi),最(zui)(zui)低(di)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)0.0001元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)。
“通過開(kai)展競價(jia)(jia)上網(wang),推動(dong)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)電補(bu)貼(tie)退坡,是光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)行業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展趨勢。”國家可再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源產(chan)業(ye)(ye)技術創新戰略(lve)聯(lian)盟理事長張(zhang)平認(ren)為,從(cong)競價(jia)(jia)結(jie)果(guo)來(lai)看(kan),光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)電發(fa)(fa)展的(de)市場化導向更(geng)明(ming)確(que)、補(bu)貼(tie)退坡信號更(geng)清晰(xi)、財政(zheng)補(bu)貼(tie)和消納能(neng)(neng)力落(luo)實的(de)要求更(geng)強化。“電價(jia)(jia)降幅最大,競價(jia)(jia)降補(bu)貼(tie)效果(guo)明(ming)顯(xian),光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)正(zheng)步入準平價(jia)(jia)時代。”
“22.78GW的項目,若執行(xing)標桿上(shang)網電價(jia),總的補貼(tie)需求為(wei)(wei)每年(nian)46億(yi)元(yuan)。然(ran)而,競價(jia)后僅需每年(nian)17億(yi)元(yuan)的補貼(tie),大約每年(nian)節約29億(yi)的補貼(tie)資金。”智匯(hui)光伏創始人王(wang)淑(shu)娟(juan)表示(shi),通過開展競價(jia)方式,補貼(tie)強度降低明顯,為(wei)(wei)光伏行(xing)業(ye)邁(mai)入平價(jia)上(shang)網時代奠定了基(ji)礎。
光伏搶裝潮或再現
業內人士(shi),隨(sui)著競價項(xiang)目等啟動,國(guo)內需(xu)求有望呈現(xian)(xian)明顯改善,全年(nian)新增裝機有望超(chao)預期,或將再現(xian)(xian)搶裝潮。
《結果》提(ti)出(chu),納入國(guo)家補貼(tie)(tie)競價(jia)(jia)范圍項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)名(ming)單只(zhi)是取(qu)(qu)得了補貼(tie)(tie)資(zi)格(ge),項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)最終能否(fou)享受國(guo)家補貼(tie)(tie),還要以(yi)是否(fou)按《通(tong)知》要求按期(qi)(qi)全(quan)(quan)容量(liang)建(jian)成并網(wang)為準。根據(ju)有關要求,對逾期(qi)(qi)未全(quan)(quan)容量(liang)建(jian)成并網(wang)的,每逾期(qi)(qi)一個(ge)(ge)季度(du)并網(wang)電價(jia)(jia)補貼(tie)(tie)降低(di)0.01元/千瓦時(shi),在(zai)申(shen)報投產所在(zai)季度(du)后兩個(ge)(ge)季度(du)內(nei)仍未建(jian)成并網(wang)的取(qu)(qu)消項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)補貼(tie)(tie)資(zi)格(ge)。國(guo)家將根據(ju)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)條件落實(shi)和建(jian)設實(shi)施等(deng)實(shi)際情況,做(zuo)好(hao)名(ming)單動(dong)態跟蹤管理。
中國(guo)光伏(fu)行業協(xie)會相關負責(ze)人表示(shi),做好名單動態跟(gen)蹤管理(li),這(zhe)是國(guo)家能源局對光伏(fu)發電(dian)規模管理(li)的(de)首創之(zhi)舉,以(yi)監管光伏(fu)后續工作,確(que)保光伏(fu)電(dian)站建設有序開展。“此舉將催生出更大國(guo)內光伏(fu)需(xu)求(qiu),讓(rang)競價上網項目盡(jin)可能實現今年(nian)年(nian)內建成并網。”
張平也(ye)認為:“根據(ju)《通知(zhi)》要(yao)求(qiu),競(jing)價項目將(jiang)(jiang)于(yu)今年年內(nei)建成并網(wang),隨著這一批市場增量的出現,光伏或將(jiang)(jiang)迎來新一波裝機潮。”
據(ju)了解,此次擬納入國(guo)家補貼競價范圍(wei)的項目(mu)只是今年(nian)全國(guo)光伏(fu)發電(dian)建設規模的一部(bu)分。再加上(shang)此前已(yi)安排和結轉的戶用(yong)光伏(fu)、光伏(fu)扶貧、平價示范、領(ling)跑(pao)基地、特高壓配套外(wai)送和示范類(lei)等項目(mu),根據(ju)相關預(yu)測,今年(nian)光伏(fu)發電(dian)項目(mu)建設規模在5000萬千(qian)瓦左(zuo)右,預(yu)計今年(nian)年(nian)內可建成并網(wang)的裝機容量在4000萬-4500萬千(qian)瓦。