今年上半年，全國電力供需總體平衡。受經濟增長放緩等因素影響，全社會用電量同比增(zeng)長(chang)5.5%，增(zeng)速回落(luo)幅度較大(da)，工業和(he)高(gao)耗能行業用電量增(zeng)速大(da)幅下滑(hua)，第三產業和(he)城鄉居民生活用電量較快增(zeng)長(chang)。

　　受(shou)電(dian)力(li)消(xiao)費(fei)需求(qiu)放緩以及水電(dian)發電(dian)量增(zeng)速逐月提(ti)高的影響，4月份以來火(huo)(huo)電(dian)發電(dian)量持(chi)(chi)續(xu)負增(zeng)長(chang)，火(huo)(huo)電(dian)設備利用小時下降幅度逐步(bu)加大。電(dian)力(li)完成投資低速增(zeng)長(chang)，電(dian)源(yuan)投資同比下降，火(huo)(huo)電(dian)投資持(chi)(chi)續(xu)萎縮。電(dian)煤供應總體平衡，火(huo)(huo)電(dian)企業經營仍然困難。

　　中國電(dian)力(li)企業(ye)聯合會預計，下半(ban)年全(quan)(quan)國全(quan)(quan)社會用電(dian)量同(tong)比(bi)增長(chang)6%~8%，全(quan)(quan)年同(tong)比(bi)增長(chang)6%~7%。總體判斷(duan)，迎峰度夏(xia)期間全(quan)(quan)國電(dian)力(li)供需(xu)總體平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)，電(dian)量略有富(fu)余，部分(fen)地區省份在用電(dian)高峰時(shi)(shi)段仍然存在一定電(dian)力(li)缺口(kou)，但保障(zhang)電(dian)力(li)供需(xu)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)的壓力(li)比(bi)上年大為減輕。全(quan)(quan)年全(quan)(quan)國發電(dian)設(she)備利(li)用小時(shi)(shi)及火電(dian)設(she)備利(li)用小時(shi)(shi)比(bi)上年有所降低。

　　A、數 據

　　供需形勢明顯好轉 全社會用電量增速同比回落

　　中電(dian)(dian)聯分析認(ren)為(wei)，上(shang)半年(nian)受(shou)用電(dian)(dian)需(xu)求增長放(fang)緩(huan)、來水較好(hao)(hao)水電(dian)(dian)大(da)發、電(dian)(dian)煤(mei)保(bao)障較好(hao)(hao)等(deng)因素影響，全(quan)國電(dian)(dian)力供需(xu)總(zong)體平(ping)衡，電(dian)(dian)量略有富(fu)余，供需(xu)形勢比上(shang)年(nian)同期明(ming)顯(xian)好(hao)(hao)轉，東北、西北區(qu)域電(dian)(dian)力供應(ying)富(fu)余能力均超過1000萬(wan)千瓦，南方(fang)電(dian)(dian)網區(qu)域在(zai)一(yi)季度存(cun)在(zai)一(yi)定缺口，最大(da)錯峰負(fu)荷(he)653萬(wan)千瓦。

　　全國全社會用電量2.38萬億千瓦時

　　上(shang)半年，全國全社會用電量(liang)2.38萬億千(qian)(qian)瓦時，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長5.5%，增(zeng)速(su)比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)年同(tong)(tong)期回(hui)落6.7個(ge)(ge)百(bai)分(fen)點。分(fen)季(ji)度(du)(du)來(lai)看，第(di)一、二季(ji)度(du)(du)全社會用電量(liang)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)分(fen)別增(zeng)長6.8%和(he)4.3%，主要受(shou)經濟增(zeng)長明(ming)顯(xian)回(hui)落及氣候(hou)影響，二季(ji)度(du)(du)用電量(liang)增(zeng)速(su)回(hui)落明(ming)顯(xian)。分(fen)月來(lai)看，3月份(fen)(fen)用電量(liang)4160億千(qian)(qian)瓦時，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長7.0%，為(wei)(wei)上(shang)半年各月份(fen)(fen)中用電量(liang)規(gui)模最(zui)大(da)、增(zeng)速(su)最(zui)高的一個(ge)(ge)月（1、2月份(fen)(fen)增(zeng)速(su)按(an)1~2月累計增(zeng)速(su)考慮）；4月份(fen)(fen)增(zeng)速(su)降至3.7%，為(wei)(wei)2009年6月份(fen)(fen)以來(lai)用電量(liang)月度(du)(du)最(zui)低增(zeng)速(su)；5月份(fen)(fen)增(zeng)速(su)有所(suo)回(hui)升，但6月份(fen)(fen)又降至4.3%，比(bi)(bi)(bi)5月份(fen)(fen)回(hui)落1.0個(ge)(ge)百(bai)分(fen)點。

　　上(shang)半年，東(dong)、中、西、東(dong)北區域(yu)用(yong)電(dian)量增(zeng)(zeng)速(su)(su)分別(bie)為4.8%、6.0%、7.5%和(he)2.5%，增(zeng)(zeng)速(su)(su)分別(bie)比(bi)上(shang)年同期(qi)回(hui)落(luo)(luo)6.3、5.8、8.3和(he)6.4個百(bai)分點；二季度(du)，其對應的用(yong)電(dian)量增(zeng)(zeng)速(su)(su)分別(bie)為3.7%、2.6%、7.6%和(he)1.6%，分別(bie)比(bi)一季度(du)增(zeng)(zeng)速(su)(su)回(hui)落(luo)(luo)2.2、回(hui)落(luo)(luo)6.8、回(hui)升(sheng)0.1、回(hui)落(luo)(luo)1.6個百(bai)分點。

　　火電新增裝機容量減幅較大

　　截至6月(yue)底，全(quan)(quan)國6000千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)及以上(shang)(shang)發電裝機(ji)容量為10.47億千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，比(bi)上(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)同期增長8.7%，其(qi)中水、火電增速相對偏低。上(shang)(shang)半年(nian)(nian)(nian)，全(quan)(quan)國新增發電生產能力2585萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，比(bi)上(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)同期減少892萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，主(zhu)要(yao)是火電比(bi)上(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)同期減少744萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)。

　　根(gen)據(ju)國家統計局數(shu)據(ju)，上半年，全(quan)國規(gui)模以上電(dian)(dian)廠(chang)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)同比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長3.7%；其中，水電(dian)(dian)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)同比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長9.9%，主要因(yin)大部分省(sheng)份二季度(du)來(lai)水情(qing)況較(jiao)好(hao)，水電(dian)(dian)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長較(jiao)快；火電(dian)(dian)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)同比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長2.6%，特別是(shi)受電(dian)(dian)力消費需求回(hui)落及二季度(du)水電(dian)(dian)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)較(jiao)快增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長的共同影響，火電(dian)(dian)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速自(zi)4月份以來(lai)逐(zhu)步回(hui)落。

　　上(shang)半(ban)年(nian)(nian)，全(quan)國發(fa)電(dian)設備累計平均(jun)利用(yong)小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)2234小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，比上(shang)年(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)降低(di)95小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。其中，水(shui)電(dian)設備利用(yong)小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)1455小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，比上(shang)年(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)增加47小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；火電(dian)設備利用(yong)小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)2489小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，比上(shang)年(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)降低(di)113小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，為(wei)“十一五”以(yi)來(lai)除2009年(nian)(nian)以(yi)外的(de)各年(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)最低(di)水(shui)平。

　　三峽外送電量實現正增長

　　上(shang)半(ban)年，全(quan)國(guo)完成(cheng)跨(kua)省輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長8.0%，完成(cheng)跨(kua)區送(song)(song)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長18.7%。其(qi)(qi)中，西(xi)北(bei)外(wai)(wai)送(song)(song)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長27.9%；華(hua)北(bei)外(wai)(wai)送(song)(song)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長69.8%，其(qi)(qi)中華(hua)北(bei)通過特高壓(ya)送(song)(song)華(hua)中同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長105.3%；華(hua)中外(wai)(wai)送(song)(song)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)由(you)一季度的(de)同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)下(xia)降(jiang)0.3%轉(zhuan)為上(shang)半(ban)年同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長15.0%。南方電(dian)(dian)網(wang)區域受枯水(shui)期來(lai)水(shui)偏(pian)枯影響，送(song)(song)出電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)下(xia)降(jiang)14.1%，仍然延續負增(zeng)(zeng)長，但5、6月(yue)份(fen)來(lai)水(shui)情況已(yi)有所好轉(zhuan)，當月(yue)西(xi)電(dian)(dian)東送(song)(song)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)已(yi)分別(bie)增(zeng)(zeng)長2.8%和25.6%。三峽累計(ji)送(song)(song)出電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)由(you)一季度的(de)同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)下(xia)降(jiang)6.4%轉(zhuan)為上(shang)半(ban)年同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長9.3%。

　　電煤供應總體平穩

　　截(jie)至6月底，全國重點電(dian)廠的(de)電(dian)煤(mei)庫存為9125萬噸，可(ke)用27天。雖然今年以來，尤(you)其是6月份以來沿海(hai)市場煤(mei)價下降較多，但(dan)煤(mei)電(dian)企業重點合同煤(mei)炭價格的(de)上升幅度(du)很(hen)多都超過了國家監(jian)管規(gui)定的(de)5%，加上坑口煤(mei)和內陸(lu)煤(mei)價降幅相(xiang)對較小，五大(da)發(fa)電(dian)集團實(shi)際(ji)到(dao)場標(biao)(biao)煤(mei)價同比下降幅度(du)較小，上半年五大(da)發(fa)電(dian)集團累計平(ping)均到(dao)場標(biao)(biao)煤(mei)單(dan)價仍比上年同期有所增加。

　　電力投資低速增長

　　上半年(nian)(nian)，全國完(wan)成電(dian)力投(tou)(tou)(tou)資同比(bi)增(zeng)長2.3%，其(qi)中(zhong)，電(dian)網(wang)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資同比(bi)增(zeng)長8.0%，電(dian)源(yuan)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資同比(bi)下(xia)降2.6%。電(dian)源(yuan)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資中(zhong)，風(feng)電(dian)、火電(dian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資同比(bi)分別下(xia)降37.3%和16.8%，火電(dian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資占電(dian)源(yuan)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資的(de)比(bi)重比(bi)上年(nian)(nian)同期降低(di)4.7個百分點；核電(dian)完(wan)成投(tou)(tou)(tou)資受2011年(nian)(nian)以來沒有新開(kai)工(gong)項目的(de)影響(xiang)，同比(bi)下(xia)降5.1%，結束了(le)前幾年(nian)(nian)完(wan)成投(tou)(tou)(tou)資較(jiao)快增(zeng)長的(de)態勢。

　　B、運 行

　　第二產業用電明顯回落 5月化工有色用電回升

　　上半年(nian)(nian)，第二(er)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)及其所屬(shu)(shu)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、制(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電量(liang)(liang)(liang)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)分(fen)別(bie)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長3.7%、3.7%和2.5%，增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速(su)均(jun)比(bi)(bi)上年(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)明顯回落(luo)(luo)，其中4月份增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速(su)均(jun)為2009年(nian)(nian)7月份以來的(de)(de)(de)最低(di)(di)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速(su)；第二(er)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)一、二(er)季度用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電量(liang)(liang)(liang)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)分(fen)別(bie)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長4.5%和2.9%，上半年(nian)(nian)占(zhan)全(quan)社會(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)重比(bi)(bi)上年(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)降低(di)(di)1.3個百(bai)(bai)分(fen)點(dian)；制(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)中的(de)(de)(de)化學原(yuan)料及制(zhi)品業(ye)(ye)(ye)、非金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)礦物(wu)制(zhi)品業(ye)(ye)(ye)、黑色金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)冶(ye)煉(lian)及壓延(yan)加工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、有色金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)冶(ye)煉(lian)及壓延(yan)加工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)四(si)大重點(dian)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)合計用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電量(liang)(liang)(liang)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長1.6%，占(zhan)全(quan)社會(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)重比(bi)(bi)上年(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)降低(di)(di)1.2個百(bai)(bai)分(fen)點(dian)，對全(quan)社會(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電量(liang)(liang)(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長的(de)(de)(de)貢獻率比(bi)(bi)上年(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)大幅降低(di)(di)21.2個百(bai)(bai)分(fen)點(dian)，是工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)乃至全(quan)社會(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電量(liang)(liang)(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速(su)明顯回落(luo)(luo)的(de)(de)(de)一個重要原(yuan)因(yin)。其中，5月份工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電量(liang)(liang)(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速(su)有所回升，制(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)當月及累計用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電量(liang)(liang)(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速(su)偏低(di)(di)于全(quan)社會(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電量(liang)(liang)(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長水平(ping)。

　　5月(yue)份，四(si)大高載能行業(ye)(ye)用(yong)電量(liang)(liang)1354億(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)2.9%，占全社會用(yong)電量(liang)(liang)的比(bi)重為33.3%。化工行業(ye)(ye)用(yong)電量(liang)(liang)324億(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)10.1%；建材(cai)行業(ye)(ye)用(yong)電量(liang)(liang)269億(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)比(bi)下降0.1%；鋼(gang)鐵冶煉(lian)行業(ye)(ye)用(yong)電量(liang)(liang)441億(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)比(bi)下降2.9%；有色金屬冶煉(lian)行業(ye)(ye)320億(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)7.3%。

　　1~5月(yue)，四大高載能行業(ye)(ye)用(yong)電量6214億(yi)千(qian)瓦時(shi)，同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長1.4%，占全社(she)會用(yong)電量的比(bi)重為31.7%，較上(shang)年同(tong)期(qi)降低1.4個百分點。化(hua)工行業(ye)(ye)用(yong)電量1506億(yi)千(qian)瓦時(shi)，同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長7.6%；建材行業(ye)(ye)用(yong)電量1114億(yi)千(qian)瓦時(shi)，同(tong)比(bi)下降1.4%；鋼鐵(tie)冶煉行業(ye)(ye)用(yong)電量2088億(yi)千(qian)瓦時(shi)，同(tong)比(bi)下降4.5%；有色金屬冶煉行業(ye)(ye)1506億(yi)千(qian)瓦時(shi)，同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長6.6%。

　　C、預 測

　　下半年全國用電增長或達8%

　　面(mian)對(dui)經濟下(xia)行壓力(li)較大影響，我國(guo)下(xia)半(ban)年(nian)在(zai)繼續按照(zhao)“穩(wen)(wen)中求進”的工作(zuo)總基調(diao)基礎上，將把穩(wen)(wen)增(zeng)長放(fang)在(zai)更加重(zhong)要(yao)的位置。

　　中電(dian)聯分析(xi)指(zhi)出(chu)，總體上下(xia)半年(nian)(nian)經(jing)濟增速(su)企穩回(hui)升(sheng)的可(ke)能性較大(da)。與此對應，下(xia)半年(nian)(nian)電(dian)力消費需求(qiu)也將止跌回(hui)升(sheng)，但(dan)增速(su)比(bi)2011年(nian)(nian)有所回(hui)落，預(yu)計下(xia)半年(nian)(nian)全(quan)國全(quan)社(she)會用電(dian)量為(wei)(wei)2.60萬(wan)億(yi)~2.65萬(wan)億(yi)千(qian)瓦時，同比(bi)增長6%~8%；預(yu)計全(quan)年(nian)(nian)全(quan)國全(quan)社(she)會用電(dian)量為(wei)(wei)4.98萬(wan)億(yi)~5.03萬(wan)億(yi)千(qian)瓦時，同比(bi)增長6%~7%。

　　據介紹，本次(ci)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)增(zeng)速預(yu)測值明顯低于(yu)年(nian)初(chu)預(yu)期，主(zhu)要是上半(ban)年(nian)經濟增(zeng)長回落幅(fu)度和下行壓力遠超(chao)過年(nian)初(chu)預(yu)期，同時帶(dai)來用電(dian)(dian)(dian)彈性系(xi)數遠低于(yu)年(nian)初(chu)預(yu)期。供(gong)應(ying)方(fang)面，預(yu)計新(xin)增(zeng)裝機8600萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)左(zuo)右(you)，其中，水電(dian)(dian)(dian)新(xin)增(zeng)2000萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)左(zuo)右(you)，火電(dian)(dian)(dian)新(xin)增(zeng)縮小到5000萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)左(zuo)右(you)，年(nian)底全(quan)口徑發電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機容量達到11.4億千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)左(zuo)右(you)。

　　當前，大(da)部分地區(qu)來水情況(kuang)較(jiao)好，重(zhong)點電(dian)(dian)廠的電(dian)(dian)煤庫存較(jiao)高，各級政府(fu)部門及電(dian)(dian)力(li)企(qi)業(ye)對迎(ying)峰(feng)度(du)夏的準備(bei)工作(zuo)較(jiao)為充分，當前全(quan)(quan)國未(wei)出現電(dian)(dian)力(li)缺(que)口，電(dian)(dian)力(li)工業(ye)運(yun)行平(ping)穩。預(yu)計迎(ying)峰(feng)度(du)夏期間(jian)，全(quan)(quan)國電(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)需總體(ti)平(ping)衡，華北、華東、南方地區(qu)在(zai)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)高峰(feng)時(shi)(shi)段仍然存在(zai)一定電(dian)(dian)力(li)缺(que)口，但保障電(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)需平(ping)衡的壓(ya)力(li)比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)大(da)為減輕。預(yu)計全(quan)(quan)年(nian)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)設備(bei)利(li)用(yong)小時(shi)(shi)在(zai)4550~4650小時(shi)(shi)，火電(dian)(dian)設備(bei)利(li)用(yong)小時(shi)(shi)在(zai)5100~5200小時(shi)(shi)，均比(bi)2011年(nian)有所降低。

　　D、建 議

　　四項建議力保電力供需

　　加快核準開工建設電力項目

　　針(zhen)對當前的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力供需(xu)(xu)形(xing)(xing)勢以及運行(xing)(xing)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)問題，中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聯(lian)建(jian)議指出(chu)，謹防部分地(di)方自行(xing)(xing)出(chu)臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)降(jiang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)，并積極研(yan)究水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大省(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)火(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格形(xing)(xing)成機(ji)制。一是加強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)監管，防止部分地(di)區借電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力供需(xu)(xu)形(xing)(xing)勢緩和之機(ji)，出(chu)臺降(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)，拉(la)動高(gao)耗(hao)能行(xing)(xing)業的(de)(de)(de)生產。二(er)是由(you)于四川、湖南(nan)、云南(nan)等水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)生產大省(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)火(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組，在汛期(qi)除個別機(ji)組為(wei)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組調峰(feng)外，相當一部分機(ji)組必須停(ting)機(ji)，嚴重影響火(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業的(de)(de)(de)經濟效益，應(ying)盡快研(yan)究這(zhe)些水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大省(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)火(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格形(xing)(xing)成機(ji)制，以保障(zhang)火(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業投資和生產的(de)(de)(de)積極性。

　　同時，要加(jia)快(kuai)核準開(kai)工建設(she)(she)一(yi)批(pi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)項(xiang)目，加(jia)大移(yi)民(min)工作的(de)(de)機制研(yan)究(jiu)及(ji)協(xie)調(diao)力(li)度。在(zai)(zai)此方面，一(yi)是(shi)(shi)加(jia)快(kuai)核準和新(xin)開(kai)工西南(nan)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基地(di)等的(de)(de)一(yi)批(pi)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目，加(jia)大移(yi)民(min)工作的(de)(de)機制研(yan)究(jiu)和協(xie)調(diao)力(li)度，保(bao)障已(yi)核準水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)建設(she)(she)進(jin)度，確保(bao)按(an)期(qi)投產；二(er)是(shi)(shi)加(jia)快(kuai)調(diao)峰調(diao)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源建設(she)(she)，盡快(kuai)理(li)順調(diao)峰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價形成機制，解決部分省份頂峰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)短(duan)缺以(yi)及(ji)新(xin)能(neng)源調(diao)峰的(de)(de)問題(ti)；三(san)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)確保(bao)安(an)全的(de)(de)前提(ti)下積極推(tui)進(jin)已(yi)核準的(de)(de)核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站項(xiang)目，保(bao)持合理(li)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源在(zai)(zai)建規模(mo)，保(bao)障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)需的(de)(de)中長期(qi)平衡；四是(shi)(shi)加(jia)快(kuai)推(tui)進(jin)跨區(qu)通道建設(she)(she)，盡快(kuai)核準啟動一(yi)批(pi)重點項(xiang)目，將“三(san)北(bei)”地(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)富余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)輸送到東中部地(di)區(qu)，繼續實施(shi)西電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)東送戰略(lve)，緩解鐵路、公(gong)路煤炭運力(li)不(bu)足的(de)(de)矛盾；五是(shi)(shi)加(jia)大對智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網以(yi)及(ji)城(cheng)鄉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網改造等方面的(de)(de)投資力(li)度；六是(shi)(shi)研(yan)究(jiu)出臺(tai)促進(jin)分布式風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、太陽能(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)展的(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)政(zheng)策(ce)措施(shi)。

　　加強設備維護和安全管理

　　相(xiang)關部門要(yao)加強(qiang)設備維護和安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)管理，確(que)保電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)穩(wen)定運(yun)行(xing)。迎峰度夏期間，各地(di)最(zui)高(gao)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)負荷不斷攀升，跨(kua)區電(dian)(dian)量互濟規模加大，電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)運(yun)行(xing)面臨嚴峻(jun)考驗。一是(shi)政府相(xiang)關部門要(yao)高(gao)度關注(zhu)和解決好火電(dian)(dian)廠為降低生(sheng)(sheng)產成本摻燒劣質煤，大批火電(dian)(dian)機組進行(xing)脫硫、脫硝、除塵技術改造對機組出力及安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)穩(wen)定運(yun)行(xing)所帶來(lai)(lai)的問題(ti)，以及火電(dian)(dian)企業長(chang)期虧損(sun)、投入不夠給機組長(chang)期安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)穩(wen)定運(yun)行(xing)帶來(lai)(lai)的隱患。二是(shi)高(gao)度重(zhong)視應急工作，密切(qie)關注(zhu)高(gao)溫、強(qiang)降雨、臺風等極端(duan)異常天(tian)氣(qi)，強(qiang)化預(yu)報預(yu)警(jing)，細化應急預(yu)案，提高(gao)應急處(chu)置能力，防止突(tu)發(fa)事件發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，保證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)穩(wen)定運(yun)行(xing)。

　　“市場煤計劃電”難題亟待破解

　　要加快研究解決“市場煤(mei)(mei)計劃電(dian)(dian)”和電(dian)(dian)煤(mei)(mei)運輸難題，為實(shi)現電(dian)(dian)煤(mei)(mei)價格(ge)并(bing)軌創造條件。中電(dian)(dian)聯認為，如果(guo)不是(shi)從“市場煤(mei)(mei)計劃電(dian)(dian)”和電(dian)(dian)煤(mei)(mei)運矛盾的(de)體(ti)制、機制性問題入手統籌提出解決辦(ban)法(fa)的(de)情況(kuang)下，僅實(shi)行電(dian)(dian)煤(mei)(mei)價格(ge)并(bing)軌可能導致電(dian)(dian)煤(mei)(mei)供(gong)求更加混亂，對電(dian)(dian)力(li)運行特別是(shi)對中長期電(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)需(xu)平(ping)衡帶來較大沖擊。

　　為此，一是(shi)(shi)加(jia)快形成(cheng)客觀反(fan)映國(guo)內實際的(de)(de)到廠煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)價(jia)格指數，完善(shan)和及時(shi)(shi)實施百分(fen)之百的(de)(de)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)價(jia)格、發電(dian)(dian)(dian)上網電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)和銷(xiao)售電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)同(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)聯動的(de)(de)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)聯動政(zheng)策；二是(shi)(shi)適當上調部分(fen)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)聯動差價(jia)來彌補(bu)歷史欠賬，讓火電(dian)(dian)(dian)企業能夠(gou)有(you)一個休(xiu)養喘(chuan)息(xi)調整的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)；三是(shi)(shi)在沒有(you)解除鐵(tie)路(lu)運輸制(zhi)約(yue)前，所有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)重(zhong)點合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)轉為中(zhong)長期(qi)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，大部分(fen)市場煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)轉為中(zhong)長期(qi)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)運輸全部列入國(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點運輸計劃且將運力主(zhu)要配置給發電(dian)(dian)(dian)集團，鐵(tie)路(lu)部門優先調度安排電(dian)(dian)(dian)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)運輸。四是(shi)(shi)加(jia)快推進(jin)(jin)流(liu)通領域(yu)體制(zhi)改革，減少中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)環(huan)節，取締(di)不合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)環(huan)節收費(fei)，由中(zhong)央政(zheng)府(fu)統一規(gui)范(fan)省(sheng)級政(zheng)府(fu)隨煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)征(zheng)收基金的(de)(de)標準，取消產煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)省(sheng)份(fen)的(de)(de)涉煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)基金、煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)出省(sheng)費(fei)等(deng)不合(he)理(li)收費(fei)。五是(shi)(shi)優先把(ba)大部分(fen)新增(zeng)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)資源配置給大型發電(dian)(dian)(dian)集團，并支(zhi)持發電(dian)(dian)(dian)企業與(yu)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)企業兼并、聯營。六是(shi)(shi)國(guo)家(jia)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)實行集中(zhong)統一規(gui)范(fan)管(guan)理(li)，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)價(jia)格監(jian)管(guan)，強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)執行的(de)(de)全過程監(jian)管(guan)。七是(shi)(shi)鼓勵煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)進(jin)(jin)口，降低(di)進(jin)(jin)口煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)增(zeng)值稅率。目前，國(guo)家(jia)有(you)關部門應加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)對(dui)當前重(zhong)點合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)執行情況的(de)(de)監(jian)督檢查(cha)，重(zhong)點查(cha)處煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)價(jia)格違(wei)規(gui)、捆綁簽訂(ding)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)、高價(jia)搭(da)售市場煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)等(deng)違(wei)規(gui)行為。

　　加大對電力環保改造政策支持力度

　　最后是(shi)要建(jian)立健全節(jie)(jie)能(neng)減排相(xiang)關政(zheng)(zheng)策。據了解(jie)，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)、脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)、除塵等一系列(lie)設(she)備改(gai)造及(ji)維護(hu)費用導致企業(ye)成(cheng)本(ben)增加，短期內無(wu)法彌(mi)補。如目(mu)前發電(dian)(dian)企業(ye)同步建(jian)設(she)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)設(she)施的單(dan)位總成(cheng)本(ben)約為(wei)1.2分(fen)/千(qian)瓦時，技改(gai)加裝脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)設(she)施的單(dan)位總成(cheng)本(ben)約為(wei)1.5分(fen)/千(qian)瓦時，而(er)目(mu)前的脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)試點電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)僅為(wei)0.8分(fen)/千(qian)瓦時，難以彌(mi)補脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)運(yun)營成(cheng)本(ben)和投(tou)資。為(wei)此，中電(dian)(dian)聯建(jian)議，國(guo)家有關部門應加大對電(dian)(dian)力環保改(gai)造政(zheng)(zheng)策支持力度(du)，盡快(kuai)完善脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)、脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)配套政(zheng)(zheng)策措施，促(cu)進電(dian)(dian)力行業(ye)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)減排政(zheng)(zheng)策落(luo)實。

　　E、鏈 接

　　重點企業上半年運行有增有減

　　國家電網：國家電力市場交易電量同比增一成

　　上半年國家電力市場交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)電量2259.08億千瓦時，同比(bi)增(zeng)長10.06%，特高壓(ya)工程、跨區跨省電力交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)在大范圍水火互濟和(he)優化資源配(pei)置上發揮了(le)重要作用。

　　數據顯示，上半年公司(si)經營區(qu)域新投產發電裝機(ji)2363.39萬(wan)千瓦（含蒙西），發電設備累(lei)計平均利用小時(shi)數為(wei)2246小時(shi)，全社會用電量(liang)達19044億千瓦時(shi)，同比增長5.4%。

　　國(guo)家電(dian)網(wang)公司經(jing)營區(qu)域內水電(dian)來水較(jiao)豐(feng)，重(zhong)點水電(dian)廠來水總(zong)體(ti)較(jiao)常年(nian)同(tong)期(qi)偏(pian)豐(feng)一成，較(jiao)去年(nian)同(tong)期(qi)多四成。華北(bei)、華東、華中(zhong)、東北(bei)、西北(bei)調度最(zui)高(gao)發電(dian)力同(tong)比均有所增長，用電(dian)負荷增速(su)整體(ti)趨(qu)緩，供(gong)需總(zong)體(ti)平(ping)衡。

　　上半年(nian)特高(gao)壓(ya)輸電(dian)(dian)交(jiao)易電(dian)(dian)量(liang)103.78億千(qian)瓦(wa)時，同(tong)比增(zeng)長56.96%。跨區(qu)跨省(sheng)交(jiao)易電(dian)(dian)量(liang)共完(wan)成(cheng)2741.12億千(qian)瓦(wa)時，同(tong)比增(zeng)長11.84%。公司(si)經(jing)營區(qu)域(yu)累計完(wan)成(cheng)發電(dian)(dian)權交(jiao)易電(dian)(dian)量(liang)323.21億千(qian)瓦(wa)時，節約標煤257.52萬噸，減少二(er)(er)氧化(hua)(hua)硫和(he)二(er)(er)氧化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)排(pai)放6.64萬噸和(he)669.55萬噸，節能減排(pai)和(he)優(you)化(hua)(hua)資源(yuan)配(pei)置取得顯著成(cheng)效。

　　南方電網：力爭完成電量增長5%目標

　　近日，南(nan)方電網(wang)公司(si)表示(shi)，當前經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)形勢不容(rong)樂(le)觀，情況(kuang)復雜，經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)下行壓力(li)帶(dai)來的(de)問題很多(duo)，相關部門(men)要充(chong)分認識形勢的(de)復雜性、嚴峻性，更(geng)要堅定戰勝(sheng)困難的(de)信(xin)心和決心。要做(zuo)好“過緊日子(zi)”的(de)準備，同時冷靜應對由于電量增(zeng)長(chang)放緩可能引發的(de)一系列問題。力(li)爭完成電量增(zeng)長(chang)5%的(de)任務(wu)。

　　下半(ban)年，南方電網(wang)公司將繼續把握(wo)“穩(wen)中求進”的總(zong)要求，突出“保(bao)(bao)安(an)全、保(bao)(bao)增(zeng)長、保(bao)(bao)穩(wen)定”，扎實做好各項工作(zuo)，努力(li)完成(cheng)全年任務。抓好適(shi)當(dang)調(diao)整(zheng)當(dang)年未開工項目(mu)、增(zeng)供擴(kuo)銷、嚴控(kong)成(cheng)本等(deng)各項工作(zuo)。同時，要繼續抓好保(bao)(bao)穩(wen)定促和諧、節(jie)能(neng)減排、城農網(wang)規劃建(jian)設(she)、管(guan)理提升等(deng)工作(zuo)。

　　下半年(nian)，該公司將按照西電(dian)東送(song)(song)通道(dao)最大能力送(song)(song)西電(dian)，通道(dao)利用(yong)率達86%，預計通道(dao)利用(yong)小時(shi)(shi)數將達2400小時(shi)(shi)，為上半年(nian)的(de)2.2倍。根(gen)據負荷(he)預測，7月，超(chao)高壓公司售電(dian)量將達到創(chuang)歷史紀錄的(de)130億千瓦時(shi)(shi)。與此同時(shi)(shi)，西電(dian)增送(song)(song)后主網(wang)(wang)交直流通道(dao)長期(qi)壓極限運行，各省(sheng)內機組在(zai)低谷時(shi)(shi)段大量壓負荷(he)或停機備用(yong)，系統潮流變化復雜(za)，電(dian)網(wang)(wang)、設(she)備和(he)人員都會迎來更嚴峻考驗。

　　華能集團：下半年突出抓好扭虧增盈工作

　　今(jin)年上(shang)半(ban)年，華能集團境內外全(quan)資及(ji)控股電(dian)(dian)廠裝(zhuang)機容(rong)量達到12860萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)，同比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長8.5%，低碳清潔能源(yuan)裝(zhuang)機容(rong)量突(tu)破(po)2500萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)；完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)發電(dian)(dian)量2944億(yi)千瓦(wa)時，同比(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)降0.2%；完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)合并(bing)營業收入1398.4億(yi)元，同比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長7.9%；完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)煤(mei)炭產量3509萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸，同比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長8.8%；完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)供電(dian)(dian)煤(mei)耗316.72克/千瓦(wa)時，同比(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)降1.68克/千瓦(wa)時；核準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)項(xiang)目(mu)547萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)，投產新機345萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)。內蒙古(gu)華電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)增(zeng)發，募集資金46.6億(yi)元。

　　下半年(nian)，該公司要圍繞完(wan)成年(nian)度目標任務，突(tu)出(chu)抓(zhua)安全穩定和扭虧增盈，進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)加強(qiang)節能減排；進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)加強(qiang)科技創(chuang)新；進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)抓(zhua)好(hao)創(chuang)一(yi)(yi)流和管理提升工作；進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)加強(qiang)企業管理。

　　電力投資集團：把保增長放在突出位置

　　上(shang)半年，中電(dian)投累計完成發電(dian)量(liang)1685億(yi)千(qian)瓦時，煤(mei)炭(tan)產量(liang)2880萬噸(dun)，電(dian)解(jie)鋁(lv)產量(liang)133萬噸(dun)，全集團營業(ye)收入885.7億(yi)元。

　　下(xia)半年工作要(yao)求：在當(dang)前嚴(yan)峻的(de)經(jing)營形(xing)勢(shi)下(xia)，把保增長放(fang)在更加突出重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)位置。重(zhong)點做好以下(xia)幾(ji)個方面的(de)工作。一要(yao)緊緊圍繞市(shi)場(chang)開拓(tuo)，努力實現增產(chan)(chan)增收；二要(yao)全面強化(hua)基(ji)礎管(guan)理，扎實開展降本增效；三要(yao)按照既(ji)定發(fa)展目標(biao)，加快推進(jin)重(zhong)點項目；四(si)是不斷(duan)深(shen)化(hua)企業改革，積(ji)極推進(jin)重(zhong)大(da)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)重(zhong)組；五要(yao)加強改進(jin)安全管(guan)理，深(shen)入開展節(jie)能減排(pai)；六要(yao)繼(ji)續開展技術(shu)創新，加快推進(jin)信息化(hua)建(jian)設。

　　華電集團：全力提升發展質量和效益

　　上半年，中國華電(dian)集(ji)團公司完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)銷售收入892億(yi)元；完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)發(fa)電(dian)量2130億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增長5%；裝機容量9698萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)；控股煤炭產能達2804萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)/年；生產原煤1495萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增長107%；管理金融資產規模突破1000億(yi)元；完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)供電(dian)煤耗318.34克/千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)下降4.59克/千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時；二氧化硫(liu)排放(fang)績效2.4克/千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)下降7.6%。

　　下半年重點工作(zuo)：一是(shi)深入推進“創一流”，努(nu)力取得階段性成效。二是(shi)狠抓扭虧增盈，確(que)保(bao)完成年度利潤目標。三是(shi)堅(jian)持理性發展(zhan)，全力提(ti)升(sheng)發展(zhan)質量和(he)效益。四是(shi)積極開展(zhan)對(dui)標，不(bu)斷提(ti)高管理效能。五(wu)是(shi)抓好科(ke)技創新和(he)節能減排，提(ti)高科(ke)技環(huan)保(bao)水平。六是(shi)強(qiang)化安全生產工作(zuo)，確(que)保(bao)企業和(he)諧穩定。